旧约 - 撒母耳记下（2 Samuel）第10章

And it came to pass after this, that the king of the children of Ammon died, and Hanun his son reigned in his stead.

Then said David, I will shew kindness unto Hanun the son of Nahash, as his father shewed kindness unto me. And David sent to comfort him by the hand of his servants for his father. And David's servants came into the land of the children of Ammon.

And the princes of the children of Ammon said unto Hanun their lord, Thinkest thou that David doth honour thy father, that he hath sent comforters unto thee? hath not David rather sent his servants unto thee, to search the city, and to spy it out, and to overthrow it?

Wherefore Hanun took David's servants, and shaved off the one half of their beards, and cut off their garments in the middle, even to their buttocks, and sent them away.

When they told it unto David, he sent to meet them, because the men were greatly ashamed: and the king said, Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return.

And when the children of Ammon saw that they stank before David, the children of Ammon sent and hired the Syrians of Bethrehob, and the Syrians of Zoba, twenty thousand footmen, and of king Maacah a thousand men, and of Ishtob twelve thousand men.

And when David heard of it, he sent Joab, and all the host of the mighty men.

And the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the entering in of the gate: and the Syrians of Zoba, and of Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field.

When Joab saw that the front of the battle was against him before and behind, he chose of all the choice men of Israel, and put them in array against the Syrians:

And the rest of the people he delivered into the hand of Abishai his brother, that he might put them in array against the children of Ammon.

And he said, If the Syrians be too strong for me, then thou shalt help me: but if the children of Ammon be too strong for thee, then I will come and help thee.

Be of good courage, and let us play the men for our people, and for the cities of our God: and the LORD do that which seemeth him good.

And Joab drew nigh, and the people that were with him, unto the battle against the Syrians: and they fled before him.

And when the children of Ammon saw that the Syrians were fled, then fled they also before Abishai, and entered into the city. So Joab returned from the children of Ammon, and came to Jerusalem.

And when the Syrians saw that they were smitten before Israel, they gathered themselves together.

And Hadarezer sent, and brought out the Syrians that were beyond the river: and they came to Helam; and Shobach the captain of the host of Hadarezer went before them.

And when it was told David, he gathered all Israel together, and passed over Jordan, and came to Helam. And the Syrians set themselves in array against David, and fought with him.

And the Syrians fled before Israel; and David slew the men of seven hundred chariots of the Syrians, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, who died there.

And when all the kings that were servants to Hadarezer saw that they were smitten before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. So the Syrians feared to help the children of Ammon any more.

撒母耳记下第十章　　第 10 章　

　　撒下 10:4-5> 剃去一半胡须及割断半截衣服意味什么？　

　　10:4-5　按照以色列人的习俗，所有成年男子都留长胡须，这是成熟与权柄的表征。所以，大卫派往亚扪的臣仆被剃去一半胡须的时候，就是受到极大的羞辱，失去尊严。被割断下半截的衣服，也令他们受人嘲笑。　

　　撒下 10:6> 将错就错，是人常会陷入的错误。难道一句道歉的话，是这么难说出口吗？　

　　10:6　由于哈嫩听了错误的劝告，怀疑大卫差去的臣仆不怀好意，因此羞辱了他们。之后他得知大卫憎恶他们，就立刻调集军队准备作战。他本来应当仔细考虑臣仆的献策，即或不然，也应当与大卫洽谈；而他既不肯认错，又在出错时动兵。我们常常为自己辩护而不肯承认自己的错误，不愿道歉去消除对方的怒气，我们应当寻求和睦，避免争战。　

　　大卫与亚扪人　

　　撒下 10:12> 愿耶和华凭祂的旨意而行──此中深意你可明了？　

　　10:12　生活中我们对神的信仰与行为必须相称。约押说：我们都当作大丈夫（可以译为“奋勇作战”），换句话说，他们都应当做所当做的事，定出良谋和战术，动用所有的资源来争战。他又说，“愿耶和华凭祂的旨意而行”，他知道争战的结果在于神。我们应当善用才智与资源，好好顺服神，并倚靠神得享美果。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

撒母耳记下第十章　　击败亚扪（十 1-19 ）　

　　说故事者满意于暂时把米非波设看作一个谜（ enigma ），故带我们转移到有关大的战绩上。再一次（正如第八章一样）亚兰人（或叙利亚人）有份参予并被打败；但这个故事主要集中在亚扪人，即外约但的一个细小王国，在摩押和以东的近北（看下图）；以前曾被扫罗击败，参考撒母耳记上十一章。控制这三个小国，会给以色列带来许多商业的好处，但正如故事所显示，大起先没有对亚扪有任何仇恨的动机。　

　　事实上，这一章提供一个实物教材──如果有人需要的话──战争能够怎样由无变有地发展起来。一个友谊的行动（由大）被误解（被亚扪王），及用粗暴的侮辱来报答；下一步就只得寻找盟友，不久三个国家的作战便发生了。究竟真正引起这场战争的原因是什么？无疑只因怀疑和不信任，否则大友好的表示会被接纳。何处存在怀疑和不信任，任何行动都可能被误解。　

　　较早前在第二节显示的，大与亚扪人之间有条约的关系。无疑这条约可追溯到扫罗活时，或者当大统治犹大，和伊施波设统治以色列的时候，当时非利士人忽然改变对大的态度，他们都发现大是联合和有潜力的以色列王，故此亚扪人也同样注意这个对抗扫罗和伊施波设的联盟，现在已强大起来，如果他要的话，足可以攻打他们。因此不信任背后有恐惧。　

　　虽然亚扪有很好的理由怀疑，但他们所采取的行动却相当愚蠢，相当于宣战。甚至今日，如果大使遭受这种侮辱，一次重大的‘事件’是无可避免；在古时以色列及它的世界，触摸男人的胡须本身是非常仇视的行动，正如用现代西方的标准，在一些拘谨的社会里，裸露臀部特别令人震惊一样。故此大不能忽视这次事件，亚扪人也知道。如果没有外来的帮助，他们是不可能打败以色列，故此他们马上采取行动，免致他们的土地及百姓遭遇危险。历史上时常看见民族的骄傲，令人惊讶的行为，结果将灾祸带给国家。　

　　大这方面，在故事开始时他的动机是忠诚的，正如第九章一样。本章中他旨在尊崇他给一个现在已死的人之承诺，提供了这两章之间有趣的连系。希伯来文较英文更清楚；十章二节的厚待 deal

　　loyally 完全与九章一节的施恩 show kindness 一样，米非波设与哈，乃是相当不同地位的人，大对他们的目的，乃是实现对他们父亲的承诺。上帝百姓的理想领袖，在所有的处事上，显出他完全的忠诚和值得信任，无论在个人方面，或在国家及国际方面都是一样。社会的各方面，表现诚实和值得信任，乃是减轻人类怀疑的惟一盼望。人与人及国与国之间，和平为诚实的人所推动，但也被那些说话不可信任的人所毁坏。　

　　在本故事中，忠诚被愚拙所击倒，大盼望尊崇的条约，被亚扪王所撕毁；大当然赢得战争的胜利──这章结束时，亚兰国联盟向大进贡，而亚扪的首都几乎被围攻（看十一 1 ）。当我们继续研究领袖学时，我们看见好的劝导的重要。每一个王都需要有能力和可信赖的谘询者；其次，他需要有判断力去分辨好和坏的劝告。哈──正如大的亲孙子罗波安（看王上十二章）──听从最坏的意见，犯了致命的错误。这里我们看见领袖的两幅对比的图画；大是尊贵的王，随从良心和契约的规定；哈是个愚拙的领袖，听从错误和不切实的意见──并引致他的国家进入战争和羞辱中。不去征询或拒绝别人的意见是非常愚蠢的，但有时候，轻易听从我们所得的意见，同样也是愚拙。或多或少我们要有分辨的恩赐，能够估计我们行动可能招致的结果。哈完全没有在事前计算代价，参见路加福音十四章卅一节。　

　　──《每日研经丛书》　

旧约 - 撒母耳记下（2 Samuel）第10章

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