新约 - 马可福音(Mark)第14章

Now the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were only two days away, and the chief priests and the teachers of the law were looking for some sly way to arrest Jesus and kill him.
"But not during the Feast," they said, "or the people may riot."
While he was in Bethany, reclining at the table in the home of a man known as Simon the Leper, a woman came with an alabaster jar of very expensive perfume, made of pure nard. She broke the jar and poured the perfume on his head.
Some of those present were saying indignantly to one another, "Why this waste of perfume?
It could have been sold for more than a year's wages and the money given to the poor." And they rebuked her harshly.
"Leave her alone," said Jesus. "Why are you bothering her? She has done a beautiful thing to me.
The poor you will always have with you, and you can help them any time you want. But you will not always have me.
She did what she could. She poured perfume on my body beforehand to prepare for my burial.
I tell you the truth, wherever the gospel is preached throughout the world, what she has done will also be told, in memory of her."
Then Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve, went to the chief priests to betray Jesus to them.
They were delighted to hear this and promised to give him money. So he watched for an opportunity to hand him over.
On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb, Jesus' disciples asked him, "Where do you want us to go and make preparations for you to eat the Passover?"
So he sent two of his disciples, telling them, "Go into the city, and a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him.
Say to the owner of the house he enters, 'The Teacher asks: Where is my guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?'
He will show you a large upper room, furnished and ready. Make preparations for us there."
The disciples left, went into the city and found things just as Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover.
When evening came, Jesus arrived with the Twelve.
While they were reclining at the table eating, he said, "I tell you the truth, one of you will betray me--one who is eating with me."
They were saddened, and one by one they said to him, "Surely not I?"
"It is one of the Twelve," he replied, "one who dips bread into the bowl with me.
The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him. But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born."
While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying, "Take it; this is my body."
Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to them, and they all drank from it.
"This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many," he said to them.
"I tell you the truth, I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God."
When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.
"You will all fall away," Jesus told them, "for it is written: "'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered.'
But after I have risen, I will go ahead of you into Galilee."
Peter declared, "Even if all fall away, I will not."
"I tell you the truth," Jesus answered, "today--yes, tonight--before the rooster crows twice you yourself will disown me three times."
But Peter insisted emphatically, "Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you." And all the others said the same.
They went to a place called Gethsemane, and Jesus said to his disciples, "Sit here while I pray."
He took Peter, James and John along with him, and he began to be deeply distressed and troubled.
"My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death," he said to them. "Stay here and keep watch."
Going a little farther, he fell to the ground and prayed that if possible the hour might pass from him.
"Abba, Father," he said, "everything is possible for you. Take this cup from me. Yet not what I will, but what you will."
Then he returned to his disciples and found them sleeping. "Simon," he said to Peter, "are you asleep? Could you not keep watch for one hour?
Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the body is weak."
Once more he went away and prayed the same thing.
When he came back, he again found them sleeping, because their eyes were heavy. They did not know what to say to him.
Returning the third time, he said to them, "Are you still sleeping and resting? Enough! The hour has come. Look, the Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.
Rise! Let us go! Here comes my betrayer!"
Just as he was speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, appeared. With him was a crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests, the teachers of the law, and the elders.
Now the betrayer had arranged a signal with them: "The one I kiss is the man; arrest him and lead him away under guard."
Going at once to Jesus, Judas said, "Rabbi!" and kissed him.
The men seized Jesus and arrested him.
Then one of those standing near drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear.
"Am I leading a rebellion," said Jesus, "that you have come out with swords and clubs to capture me?
Every day I was with you, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest me. But the Scriptures must be fulfilled."
Then everyone deserted him and fled.
A young man, wearing nothing but a linen garment, was following Jesus. When they seized him,
he fled naked, leaving his garment behind.
They took Jesus to the high priest, and all the chief priests, elders and teachers of the law came together.
Peter followed him at a distance, right into the courtyard of the high priest. There he sat with the guards and warmed himself at the fire.
The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death, but they did not find any.
Many testified falsely against him, but their statements did not agree.
Then some stood up and gave this false testimony against him:
"We heard him say, 'I will destroy this man-made temple and in three days will build another, not made by man.'"
Yet even then their testimony did not agree.
Then the high priest stood up before them and asked Jesus, "Are you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these men are bringing against you?"
But Jesus remained silent and gave no answer. Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?"
"I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven."
The high priest tore his clothes. "Why do we need any more witnesses?" he asked.
"You have heard the blasphemy. What do you think?" They all condemned him as worthy of death.
Then some began to spit at him; they blindfolded him, struck him with their fists, and said, "Prophesy!" And the guards took him and beat him.
While Peter was below in the courtyard, one of the servant girls of the high priest came by.
When she saw Peter warming himself, she looked closely at him. "You also were with that Nazarene, Jesus," she said.
But he denied it. "I don't know or understand what you're talking about," he said, and went out into the entryway.
When the servant girl saw him there, she said again to those standing around, "This fellow is one of them."
Again he denied it. After a little while, those standing near said to Peter, "Surely you are one of them, for you are a Galilean."
He began to call down curses on himself, and he swore to them, "I don't know this man you're talking about."
Immediately the rooster crowed the second time. Then Peter remembered the word Jesus had spoken to him: "Before the rooster crows twice you will disown me three times." And he broke down and wept.
马可福音第十四章   第 14 章 

  可 14:1> 你知道逾越节的故事吗? 

  14:1 逾越节是以色列人记念神让祖先得自由的日子。那天晚上,神的使者越过有羊羔的血为记号的房子,把其他房子中的长子杀掉(参出 12 章)。逾越节后,是连续七日的无酵节。无酵节是以色列人记念祖先急忙逃离埃及时没时间用酵来发面的节期。过节期间,犹太人聚集一起吃一顿特别的筵席,有羊羔、酒、苦菜和无酵饼,后来整个星期都称为逾越节。 

  可 14:3> 14:3 伯大尼位于橄榄山东面的斜坡上,耶路撒冷则在西面。耶稣的朋友拉撒路、马利亚和马大三姐弟都住在这个城里。他们当时也在一起吃晚餐(参约 11:2 )。用香膏抹耶稣脚的女人就是马利亚(参约 12:1-3 )。 

  可 14:3-9> 奇怪了,这件事在不同的福音书中,记载的次序有所不同…… 

  14:3-9 马太和马可记载这件事是紧接着最后晚餐前发生的,但约翰却把这件事放在最后晚餐前一星期,刚好在耶稣光荣地进入耶路撒冷之前。我们要知道福音书的作者介绍耶稣的生平,不是完全按照事件发生的准确日期、时序编排的。他们写作的目的是要准确地传达耶稣的信息。马利亚完全的奉献和犹大的叛变实在是一个强烈的对比。马太福音和马可福音为了突出这点,就在其后记载了犹大卖主。 

  可 14:4-5> 他们的不悦,是因为……我会吗? 

  14:4-5 马可写“有些人”不高兴,约翰则特别指明这人是犹大(参约 12:4 )。犹大不是关心穷人,只是贪心。他替耶稣管钱,常中饱私囊(参约 12:6 )。他当然想卖掉这瓶名贵的香膏,所得的钱也就归他保管了。 

  可 14:6-7> 马利亚的行为是浪费吗? 

  14:6-7 耶稣不是说我们应该忽视穷人,更不是说对他们漠不关心是对的(参太 6:2-4 ;路 6:20-21 ; 14:13 , 21 ; 18:22 )。祂是在称赞马利亚对祂无私的敬拜。敬拜基督的精义,是以最大的爱来爱祂、尊敬祂、向祂献身,并愿意为祂奉上最宝贵的东西。 

  加略人犹大 

  可 14:10> 犹大为权?犹大为钱?…… 

  14:10 犹大为什么出卖耶稣?犹大也像其他门徒一样,期望耶稣能发动一次政治叛乱,推翻罗马政权。作为管钱的,犹大也像其他门徒一样,深信自己在耶稣的新政府中能占重要的位置( 10:35-37 )。不过,马利亚把一瓶价值相当于一年薪水的香膏浇在耶稣头上时,竟得到耶稣的称赞;而当他出言表示不满时,却受到耶稣的质问。犹大终于认识到耶稣并没有政治野心。如果他继续跟随耶稣,就得不到金钱和地位。于是他把心一横,去见祭司长,密谋出卖耶稣,以换取宗教领袖的金钱和欢心。 

  受难周内发生的主要事件 

  最后晚餐和客西马尼园 

  可 14:13-15> 耶稣和门徒也预备过节…… 

  14:13-15 耶稣打发的那两个门徒是彼得和约翰(参路 22:8 )。当时很多房子都有很大的阁楼,有时屋内和屋外也有楼梯。逾越节筵席的预备工作包括摆设桌子、预备羊羔、无酵饼、酱料及其他过节食品和饮料。 

  可 14:19> “是我吗?”我有在生活中否定耶稣吗? 

  14:19 要出卖耶稣的犹大也与其他人同席,他决意要出卖耶稣,却虚伪地与其他人共进晚餐。我们很容易会因犹大的所作所为而愤怒或感到震惊。不过,一方面说要向基督献身,另一方面却在生活上否认祂,这也等于出卖基督。不顺服祂,就是否定祂的爱;不信任祂,就是否定祂的真理;拒绝祂的权威,就是否定祂的神性。你是否言行一致?若你言行不一,就要改变自己的心思,以免犯下严重的错误。 

  可 14:20> 蘸手在盘子里是什么习惯? 

  14:20 吃饭时,犹太人习惯把共用的盘子放在桌子中央,盘子里面盛上果酱,他们就拿饼或肉蘸着吃。 

  可 14:22-25> 今天我们仍守圣餐,因为…… 

  14:22-25 马可记录了圣餐的起源。今天我们在主日敬拜中仍然守这个礼仪。耶稣与门徒一同分享筵席、唱诗歌、读圣经、祈祷,接着,就是逾越节筵席中两个传统的部分:擘饼和喝酒。耶稣给饼和酒赋予新的意义,就是祂的身体和血,以解释祂将要在十字架上成就的事的意义(参林前 11:23-29 )。 

  可 14:24> 耶稣立约的血是为我流出,那有何作用? 

  14:24 耶稣为我们死在十字架上,使神与人所立的新约正式生效。活在旧约下的人藉动物祭牲的血使罪得赦(参出 24:6-8 );但是,耶稣是神无瑕疵的羔羊,只一次献在坛上,人的罪就此藉祂永远得赦。祂是所有罪愆的最后祭品,祂的血为神和人之间立下新约。现在我们每一个人都可以藉着耶稣到神那里去,并且有十足的把握,知道祂会垂听我们,拯救我们脱离罪恶。 

  可 14:26> 他们唱了什么诗? 

  14:26 他们唱的是犹太人传统在逾越节筵席上唱的诗歌(参诗 115-118 )。 

  可 14:27> 耶稣也受死亡的威胁吗?祂死了,撒但岂不威风? 

  14:27 在耶稣被钉死这件事上,撒但似乎占了上风,不过我们迟一点就会发现,其实神一直在掌权,甚至祂儿子的死也是在祂的控制之下,撒但并没有得到任何胜利。 

  可 14:27-31> 若我是门徒,我的反应可能更激烈…… 

  14:27-31 这是耶稣在同一晚第二次预言门徒会不认祂和背弃祂(参路 22:31-34 ;约 13:36-38 ),这可能是门徒强烈反应的原因( 14:31 )。 

  可 14:35-36> 耶稣为什么这样祷告呢?难道祂想逃避? 

  14:35-36 耶稣是不是想逃避自己的使命呢?耶稣说出内心的感受,却没有抗拒神的旨意,祂重申要遵行神的旨意。祂的祷告突出祂将要忍受的是比死亡更加可怕的痛苦,因为祂要承担全人类的罪恶。这“杯”指在十字架上与父神分开的悲痛(参来 5:7-9 )。无罪的神子承担了我们的罪孽,与神隔绝片刻,使我们得救! 

  可 14:36> 不从自己的意思,难;只从神的意思,更难? 

  14:36 耶稣祷告时,知道遵行父神旨意要付出代价,也明白将要受什么苦。祂不想忍受这种可怕的经历,然而,祂祷告说:“不要从我的意思,只要从你的意思。”要得到任何有价值的东西也要付出代价。你献身与神付出了什么代价呢?甘心付出这代价,到最后就能得到有永恒价值的东西。 

  可 14:38> 试探来到,如何抵抗? 

  14:38 面对重大压力时,我们会变得脆弱,即使心灵愿意顺服,也很容易被试探所胜。耶稣给我们作了榜样,教导我们如何抵抗试探:( 1 )向神祈祷( 14:35 );( 2 )找爱我们的人和朋友支持( 14:33 , 37 , 40-41 );( 3 )专注在神给我们的旨意上( 14:36 )。 

  可 14:43-45> 犹大行动了── 

  14:43-45 宗教领袖给犹大一小队士兵和差役(参约 18:3 ),叫他逮捕耶稣,把耶稣带到他们那里受审。宗教领袖发出逮捕耶稣的手令,犹大则是正式的控告人。 

  可 14:47> 这个拔刀的人好狠啊…… 

  14:47 这个拔刀的人是彼得(参约 18:10 )。耶稣立刻治好了大祭司仆人的耳朵,阻止流血事件进一步发生(参路 22:51 )。 

  可 14:51-52> 看这狼狈逃走的年轻人…… 

  14:51-52 教会传统上认为这个少年人是这卷福音书的作者马可约翰。其他福音书没有提到这件事。 

  耶稣受审 

  可 14:53-65> 看这假公济私的宗教领袖的嘴脸── 

  14:53-65 犹太公会的审讯分为两个阶段:首先带耶稣到大祭司那里接受一小组人审问(参约 18:12-24 );接着,公会的所有成员在天亮时齐集审问耶稣(参路 22:66-71 )。他们控告耶稣犯了宗教罪行──自称是神的儿子──根据律法,这等于亵渎神。宗教领袖决定要杀死耶稣(参路 22:2 ),所以审讯的结果也是早已确定的。 

  可 14:55> 祭司长与公会是同党? 

  14:55 罗马虽然管治以色列,仍让犹太人处理宗教事务和一般民事纠纷。这个管理机关称为公会,由七十一位以色列宗教领袖组成。公会本应公平正直,然而在处理耶稣的审讯中,他们极不公正,甚至要捏造谎话来诬告耶稣( 14:57 )。 

  可 14:58> 宗教领袖如愿了…… 

  14:58 宗教领袖最后找到作假见证控告耶稣的人,其供词歪曲了耶稣的话。耶稣不是说要拆毁人手所造的圣殿,祂是说:“你们拆毁这殿,我三日内要再建立起来。”(参约 2:19 )耶稣所指的是自己的身体,而不是希律重修的圣殿。 

  可 14:60-64> 为什么耶稣不两条都回答? 

  14:60-64 耶稣不回答第一个问题,是由于证据错误且混乱,面对捏造的指控,缄默比澄清更聪明。但若拒绝回答第二个问题,就是否认自己的使命,所以祂回答了这个问题,祂的答案也预告了角色将要大转换:耶稣将坐在神的右边,审判现在控告祂的人。那时,他们就要回答祂的问题了(参诗 110:1 ;启 20:11-13 ) 

  可 14:63-64> 大祭司为了名利竟出卖自己的使命,我也曾步他的后尘吗? 

  14:63-64 众人之中,大祭司和公会的成员本是最熟悉圣经、最能认出弥赛亚来的,他们的工作也该是向人指明神,可是他们只关心自己的名誉和权威。他们看重的只是肉身的保障,而非永恒的保障。 

  耶稣为什么要为我们死? 

  可 14:66-67> 彼得也能出入大祭司的地方? 

  14:66-67 大祭司该亚法的府第在有数个院子的宏大宫殿里,耶稣在这里受审( 14:53 )。带彼得进院子的是约翰(参约 18:15-16 ),看来约翰认识大祭司。 

  可 14:71> 门徒彼得也发咒? 

  14:71 彼得发咒所起的誓不是普通的誓言,而是毒誓,他其实是说:“如果我说谎,就让神击打我,把我治死!” 

  可 14:71> 不认耶稣?不太可能吧…… 

  14:71 犹太公会和罗马政府不公义的审讯,判定耶稣有罪,实在令人愤愤不平,但是彼得和其余的门徒离弃耶稣,更加深了耶稣的痛苦( 14:50 )。我们多数或许不像犹太人和罗马领袖,却像门徒那样,在我们生活的重要方面犯了否认基督是主的罪。我们可能因为自己没有犯大罪而自豪,其实,我们都犯了罪。不要以别人的罪更严重为藉口,容许自己继续犯罪。──《灵修版圣经注释》